The Emperor of Japan (天皇) is the head of the Imperial Family and the ceremonial head of state.
The President of India (Bhārat ke Rāṣṭrapati), officially the President of the Republic of India, is the ceremonial head of state of India and the Commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.
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Answer: Risks to nonsmokers from second-hand smokers
Explanation: Externality occurs when the government, group of individuals impose cost or benefit on others but have no provision or incentive to take the cost or benefits into account. It could also be seen as the risk or benefit which affect an individual who does not choose to incur such risk or benefit.
Negative Externality is thus the risk or cost which affects an individual who does not wish to be exposed to such risk or incur such cost.
Therefore, In the scenario above, the risk to nonsmokers to second hand smokers is an example of negative externality due to the fact that the nonsmoker is exposed to risk against his wish.
The 2 broad categories of law, which one covers traditional cases regarding contracts and assets ownership is Civil regulation.
Civil regulation is a department of regulation that regulates the non-crook rights, duties of people (herbal people and prison men and women), and identical felony relations between non-public people, as opposed to criminal law or administrative regulation.
Civil law deals with behavior that constitutes harm to an individual or other personal party, which includes a company. Examples are defamation (such as libel and slander), breach of agreement, negligence resulting in harm or loss of life, and assets harm.
The term civil regulation derives from the Latin ius civile, the regulation relevant to all Roman cives or residents. Its origins and model are to be discovered in the monumental compilation of Roman law commissioned by means of Emperor Justinian in the 6th century CE.
Learn more about Civil law here: brainly.com/question/16079364
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