Answer:
Resting potential
Explanation:
This is because , the resting potential is negative in side of the cell because it has more negative charge inside than outside due to accumulation of alot of sodium and potassium ions. when an axon is at rest in the cell, the anions produce negative charge, the sodium pumps eject sodium out of the cell and potassium is injected in, and the sodium gates and potassium gates are all closed.
Answer:
A frameshift changes every codon past it. A base substitution only changes one codon.
Explanation:
DNA is comprised of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) that make up amino acids. Every three bases is called a codon and represents an amino acid.
In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is either added or deleted from the sequence. This offsets the entire sequence after it because the reading frame shifts. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
If another T is added in between the first and second codons, then every codon after will be changed.
ACT>T<GCTATCGTCATC
A substitution mutation is usually less severe, as it only alters one codon in the sequence. These occur when one nucleotide is replaced by another one. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
Let's say the first G is replaced by a T.
ACT>T<CTATCGTCATC
As you can see, none of the other codons changed.
Typically, a frameshift mutation is considered worse than a substitution mutation.
Active transport is the process in which substances are absorbed against a concentration gradient, i.e. from a lower to a higher concentration.
Answer:
B) expression of inappropriate gene products
Explanation:
Most of the cancers are caused when a normal gene that code for one or other proteins involved in the regulation of the cell cycle is mutated. The mutated gene may cause the production of the faulty gene products. For example, the overproduction of products of the protooncogene that push cells through the cell cycle leads to tumor formation. Likewise, when the tumor suppressor genes are not able to produce enough product to prevent progression through the cell cycle, cancer may develop.
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