Confucianism is a Chinese system of beliefs (you could argue it's a religion, but it's more a system of beliefs and philosophy) based on respecting the elders and up-keeping the hierarchical structure of the society.
The correct answer is D!
Common Sense by Thomas Paine
I would think most "Americans" are lazy and are just looking for a way out of taking the blame for why the u.s. is spiraling downward and so would a few other people but probably Most people in the country today would define an American as an independent and self reliant individual with strong family ties and strong loyalties to groups, individuality and individual rights.
hope this helps :p