Nervous system
Circulatory system
Cardiovascular system
A. the population of higher trophic levels is greater than lower trophic levels
Move three sodium ions out of a cell and two potassium ions into a cell while consuming an atp for each cycle
Explanation:
By pumping three (3) Na+ to the outside and two (2) K+ to the inside of the cell, there is a net positive charge on the outside leaving the inside of the cell electronegative. This process is achieved by the Na+/K+ pump and is a process that consumes ATP energy.
This is much more important in a neuron cell who ¾ of its energy is used to maintain a -70mV resting potential that is important for the nerve to pass impulse when depolarised.
In other cells, the gradient created in important in maintaining the homeostatic osmolarity inside the cell to avoid swelling and lysis of cells due to uptake of excess water by osmosis. The Na+ gradient is also used to import other molecules into the cell such as glucose and amino acids. These molecules are coupled with Na+ and then are absorbed efficiently as the Na+ flow back inside the cell down the Na+ concentration gradient.
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