1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
kap26 [50]
3 years ago
11

Plzzzzzzz give me notes of dna replication​

Mathematics
1 answer:
miskamm [114]3 years ago
4 0
- A DNA strand can act as a template for synthesis of a new nucleic acid strand in which each base forms a hydrogen-bonded pair with one on the template strand (G with C, A with T, or A with U for RNA molecules). The new sequence is thus complementary to the template strand. The copying of DNA molecules to produce more DNA is known as DNA Replication.

-DNA replication takes place at a Y-shaped structure called a replication fork. A self-correcting DNA polymerase enzyme catalyzes nucleotide polymerization in a 5ʹ-to-3ʹ direction, copying a DNA template strand with remarkable fidelity. Since the two strands of a DNA double helix are antiparallel, this 5ʹ-to-3ʹ DNA synthesis can take place continuously on only one of the strands at a replication fork (the leading strand).

-On the lagging strand, short DNA fragments must be made by a “backstitching” process. Because the self-correcting DNA polymerase cannot start a new chain, these lagging-strand DNA fragments are primed by short RNA primer molecules that are subsequently erased and replaced with DNA.

-DNA replication requires the cooperation of many proteins. These include:

*DNA polymerase and DNA primase to catalyze nucleoside triphosphate polymerization;
*DNA helicases and single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins to help in opening up the DNA helix so that it can be copied;
*DNA ligase and an enzyme that degrades *RNA primers to seal together the discontinuously synthesized laggingstrand DNA fragments;
*DNA topoisomerases to help to relieve helical winding and DNA tangling problems. *Many of these proteins associate with each
other at a replication fork to form a highly efficient “replication machine,” through which the activities and spatial movements of the individual components are coordinated.

Major steps involved in DNA replication are as follows:

*Each strand in a parental duplex DNA acts as a template for synthesis of a daughter strand and remains basepaired to the new strand, forming a daughter duplex (semiconservative mechanism).
*New strands are formed in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
*Replication begins at a sequence called an origin.
*Each eukaryotic chromosomal DNA molecule contains multiple replication origins.
*DNA polymerases, unlike RNA polymerases, cannot unwind the strands of duplex DNA and cannot initiate synthesis of new strands complementary to the template strands.
*Helicases use energy from ATP hydrolysis to separate the parental (template) DNA strands.
*Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer, which remains base-paired to the template DNA.
*This initially is extended at the 3′ end by DNA polymerase α (Pol α), resulting in a short (5′ )RNA- (3′)DNA daughter strand.
*Most of the DNA in eukaryotic cells is synthesized by Pol ẟ, which takes over from Pol α and continues elongation of the daughter strand in the 5′ to 3’direction.
*Pol ẟ remains stably associated with the template by binding to Rfc protein, which in turn binds to PCNA, a trimeric protein that
encircles the daughter duplex DNA.
*DNA replication generally occurs by a bidirectional mechanism in which two replication forks form at an origin and move in opposite directions, with both template strands being copied at each fork.
*Synthesis of eukaryotic DNA in vivo is regulated by controlling the activity of the MCM helicases that initiate DNA replication at multiple origins spaced along chromosomal DNA.
*At a replication fork, one daughter strand (the leading strand) is elongated continuously.
*The other daughter strand (the lagging strand) is formed as a series of discontinuous Okazaki fragments from primers synthesized every few hundred nucleotides.
*The ribonucleotides at the 5′ end of each Okazaki fragment are removed and replaced by elongation of the 3′ end of the next Okazaki fragment.
*Finally, adjacent Okazaki fragments are joined by DNA ligase.
You might be interested in
Someone please answer this, I’ll give you brainliest and 50 points!
8090 [49]

Answer:

3

Step-by-step explanation:

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Evaluate the determination for the following matrix [144] [522] [155]
Anettt [7]
Matrix :

1    4    4

5    2    2

1    5    5

=> Determinant =

1 * (2*5 - 2*5) - 4 * (5*5 - 1*2) + 4 * ( 5*5 - 2*1)

= 1*(10 - 10) - 4*(25 - 2) + 4*(25 -2) = 1*0 + 4* 23 + 4*(25 - 2) = 0 - 4*23 + 4*23 = 0

Answer: 0
8 0
3 years ago
Graph the line with x-intercept 9 and y-intercept 7.<br>What is the slope m of this line?​
DIA [1.3K]
Here u go I hope this helps

7 0
3 years ago
Which expression can be used to find the price of a $400 telescope after a 32% markup? Select all that apply.
elena-s [515]
<h3>There are 2 answers: choice C, choice D</h3>

====================================================

Explanation:

32% = 32/100 = 0.32

32% of 400 = 0.32*400 = 400(0.32), which adds onto the original 400 to get 400+400(0.32). This is why choice D is one of the answers.

We can factor out the GCF 400 to go from 400+400(0.32) to 400(1+0.32) which then simplifies to 400(1.32) or just 400*1.32. This shows choice C is the other answer. Using a calculator,

400+400(0.32) = 400 + 128 = 528

400*1.32 = 528

meaning that 400+400(0.32) = 400*1.32

The other answer choices result in other values, showing that they aren't equivalent to 528.

6 0
3 years ago
Heyy!.................
liq [111]

Answer:

hi

Step-by-step explanation:

5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • The function f(x) varies inversely with x and f(x) = 0.9 when x = 0.5 what is f(x) when x = 1.5 ?
    6·2 answers
  • Kevin operates a movie theater that sells about 800 tickets per day for $8 each. Kevin predicts that for each $0.50 increase in
    5·1 answer
  • eli worked on a part time job in summer for 6 days. he worked 4 hours on each of the 6 days. he was paid a total of 300 for his
    7·1 answer
  • What is an equation of the line that passes through the point (3,-1) and is perpendicular to the equation y=-3x+2
    12·1 answer
  • Two anhles of trisngle measure 12 and 40. What is the measure of the third angle of the triangle?
    8·1 answer
  • Given the equation-4x+2y=-2 what is the slope of a line parallel to the line?
    9·1 answer
  • Please help me please will give brainliest to anyone who is good <br><br><br>show your work ​
    9·1 answer
  • Express tan J as a fraction in simplest form
    14·1 answer
  • A cake has circumference of 2517 25 1 7 inches. What is the area of the cake? Use 227 22 7 for π π . Round to the nearest hundre
    14·1 answer
  • A vehicle can travel 132 km with 12 litres of petrol. What is the petrol consumption in km/litre?
    7·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!