1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
kap26 [50]
3 years ago
11

Plzzzzzzz give me notes of dna replication​

Mathematics
1 answer:
miskamm [114]3 years ago
4 0
- A DNA strand can act as a template for synthesis of a new nucleic acid strand in which each base forms a hydrogen-bonded pair with one on the template strand (G with C, A with T, or A with U for RNA molecules). The new sequence is thus complementary to the template strand. The copying of DNA molecules to produce more DNA is known as DNA Replication.

-DNA replication takes place at a Y-shaped structure called a replication fork. A self-correcting DNA polymerase enzyme catalyzes nucleotide polymerization in a 5ʹ-to-3ʹ direction, copying a DNA template strand with remarkable fidelity. Since the two strands of a DNA double helix are antiparallel, this 5ʹ-to-3ʹ DNA synthesis can take place continuously on only one of the strands at a replication fork (the leading strand).

-On the lagging strand, short DNA fragments must be made by a “backstitching” process. Because the self-correcting DNA polymerase cannot start a new chain, these lagging-strand DNA fragments are primed by short RNA primer molecules that are subsequently erased and replaced with DNA.

-DNA replication requires the cooperation of many proteins. These include:

*DNA polymerase and DNA primase to catalyze nucleoside triphosphate polymerization;
*DNA helicases and single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins to help in opening up the DNA helix so that it can be copied;
*DNA ligase and an enzyme that degrades *RNA primers to seal together the discontinuously synthesized laggingstrand DNA fragments;
*DNA topoisomerases to help to relieve helical winding and DNA tangling problems. *Many of these proteins associate with each
other at a replication fork to form a highly efficient “replication machine,” through which the activities and spatial movements of the individual components are coordinated.

Major steps involved in DNA replication are as follows:

*Each strand in a parental duplex DNA acts as a template for synthesis of a daughter strand and remains basepaired to the new strand, forming a daughter duplex (semiconservative mechanism).
*New strands are formed in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
*Replication begins at a sequence called an origin.
*Each eukaryotic chromosomal DNA molecule contains multiple replication origins.
*DNA polymerases, unlike RNA polymerases, cannot unwind the strands of duplex DNA and cannot initiate synthesis of new strands complementary to the template strands.
*Helicases use energy from ATP hydrolysis to separate the parental (template) DNA strands.
*Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer, which remains base-paired to the template DNA.
*This initially is extended at the 3′ end by DNA polymerase α (Pol α), resulting in a short (5′ )RNA- (3′)DNA daughter strand.
*Most of the DNA in eukaryotic cells is synthesized by Pol ẟ, which takes over from Pol α and continues elongation of the daughter strand in the 5′ to 3’direction.
*Pol ẟ remains stably associated with the template by binding to Rfc protein, which in turn binds to PCNA, a trimeric protein that
encircles the daughter duplex DNA.
*DNA replication generally occurs by a bidirectional mechanism in which two replication forks form at an origin and move in opposite directions, with both template strands being copied at each fork.
*Synthesis of eukaryotic DNA in vivo is regulated by controlling the activity of the MCM helicases that initiate DNA replication at multiple origins spaced along chromosomal DNA.
*At a replication fork, one daughter strand (the leading strand) is elongated continuously.
*The other daughter strand (the lagging strand) is formed as a series of discontinuous Okazaki fragments from primers synthesized every few hundred nucleotides.
*The ribonucleotides at the 5′ end of each Okazaki fragment are removed and replaced by elongation of the 3′ end of the next Okazaki fragment.
*Finally, adjacent Okazaki fragments are joined by DNA ligase.
You might be interested in
A car rental company rented out 8 cars in its first month. The number of cars it rented doubled each month. What was the total n
skad [1K]
The total number of cars rented for the first 5 months is
8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128 = 248
6 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A pipe gallon can pump 1,000 gallons of water in 4 hours, how long would it take for the pipe to fill a 2500 gallon pool?
almond37 [142]
You can divide 1000 by 4 then multiply a number to get 2500

1000/4= 250

250 x 10 = 2500


Answer: 10 hours
8 0
2 years ago
If sin 20 degree=a and cos20 degree=b then which of the following represents the correct value of sin 70 degree in terms of a an
Scorpion4ik [409]

ANSWER

3) b

EXPLANATION

Given that:

\sin(20 \degree)  = a

and

\cos(20 \degree)  = b

Recall that the sine and cosine functions are equal for complementary angles.

This implies that,

\sin(70 \degree)  =  \cos(20 \degree)

\sin(70 \degree) = b

5 0
3 years ago
Kabul’s bookshop marks up all books by 40 percent of their cost. The overhead rate is 16 percent of the selling price. What is t
morpeh [17]

Answer:

The net profit rate on the book is 5.41

Step-by-step explanation:

Given as :

The marks up percentage of book = m = 40%

The overhead rate is 16% of selling price

The cost price of book = c.p = $18.10

Let The profit = $p

Let The selling price = s.p

<u>Now, According to question</u>

mark up percentage = \dfrac{s.p - c.p}{c.p}

I.e 40% =  \dfrac{s.p - 18.10}{18.10}

Or, \dfrac{40}{100} + 1 = \dfrac{s.p}{18.10}

Or, \dfrac{140}{100} =  \dfrac{s.p}{18.10}

Or, s. p = \dfrac{140\times 18.10}{100}

∴ s.p = $25.34

So, selling price of book = s.p = $25.34

Now, The overhead percentage = 16%

i.e overhead rate = \dfrac{\textrm estimated cost}{\textrm estimated total base unit}

Or, estimated cost = 16% × 25.34

I,e estimated cost = 0.16 × 25.34

∴ estimated cost = $4.05

Now,

Profit = selling price of book - estimated book cost

I.e p = $25.34 - $4.05

∴ p = $21.29

So, The profit rate% = \dfrac{\textrm profit}{\textrm estimated cost}

I.e The profit rate% = \dfrac{21.29}{4.05}

∴ profit rate %= 5.41

So, The profit rate = p = 5.41

Hence, The net profit rate on the book is 5.41  Answer

4 0
3 years ago
Which one was it? I’ve been trying for a while
Reika [66]
The answer is b (I think not really sure)
6 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • Graph the solution of this inequality 3/4|(x+8)&gt;|1/2|(2x+10)|
    13·2 answers
  • Which number is the same as this: 2 (5m + 1) is the same as:
    10·1 answer
  • Of regular movie goers, 40% watch romantic movies, 60% watch action movies, and 24% watch both types. Are watching romantic movi
    5·1 answer
  • I need help<br>All of the following are rational except <br>-2/5<br>3.14159...<br>0.125<br>0<br>​
    6·1 answer
  • 15,000 invested at a rate of 4.8% compounded monthly. Write a compound interest function to model the situation . Then find the
    7·2 answers
  • Which inequality represents the situation? The maximum weight, w, an elevator can lift is 2,200 pounds. w ≥ 2,200 w &gt; 2,200 w
    9·1 answer
  • HELP PLSSSS I will GIVE BRAINLYEST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    12·1 answer
  • Solve the simultaneous equation 3x+2y=4 4x+5y=10
    6·1 answer
  • What is the average velocity of a car that travels 50 km in 2 hrs?
    5·1 answer
  • Select the correct answer. A linear function graph of the x-axis and y-axis has a diagonal line that passes the x-axis at (minus
    15·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!