This is the case of brown vs board of education where on May 17, 1954, the Supreme court of the US passed the jurisdiction that racially isolated state funded schools were intrinsically inconsistent or are not equal.
This was issued under the Topeka ruling Board of Education.
Thus this case denied equal opportunities in the sector of public education.
The catholic church believes the pope to be infallible in matters of doctrine. orthodox believers reject the infallibility of the pope and consider their own patriarchs and thus they subject to error.