The Fifteenth Amendment was the initial phase in giving full voting rights to African Americans. Notwithstanding, Jim Crow laws made more confinements to these rights. With the entry of the Voting Rights Act, the Fifteenth Amendment was authorized as voting confinements were evacuated.
This depends entirely on the federal position in question, but an example of an analogous position would the position of the state legislature as contrasted with the Congress.
The answer is B: Rather than settling in one place, they follow wandering herds.