<span>In the expert from John Muir's "The America Forests," which was feature in Atlantic Monthly in August 1897, the trees that he is describing are "more than three thousand years [old]." Moreover, they existed "long before" Christ's time. They survived "...drought, disease, avalanches, and a thousand straining, leveling tempest and floods..."</span>
Focusing on the inner workings of the First Crusade in a way that no other work has done, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading delves into the Crusade's organization, its finances, and the division of authority and responsibility among its leaders and their relationships with one another and with their subordinates.
In the year 1095, Pope Urban II initiated what is known today as the First Crusade. His summons of the lay knights to the faith between 1095 and 1096 was Urban II's personal response to an appeal that had reached him from eastern Christians, the Pope referred to the struggle ahead as Christ's own war, to be fought in accordance with God's will and intentions. It was, too, called a war of liberation, designed to free the church and city of Jerusalem from oppression and pillage by the Muslims while liberating western Church from the errors into which it had fallen.
In this classic work, presented here with a new introduction, one of the world's most renowned crusade historians approaches this central topic of medieval history with freshness and impeccable research. Through the vivid presentation of a wide range of European chronicles and charter collections, Jonathan Riley-Smith provides a striking illumination of crusader motives and responses and a thoughtful analysis of the mechanisms that made this expedition successful.
Answer:Por volta de 1990, a população afro-americana alcançou 30 milhões de pessoas, representando 12% da população americana. Atualmente, segundo fontes de 2005, há 39,9 milhões de afro-americanos, representando 13,8% da população estadunidense
Explanation:
During the First World War the North American Navy was very small compared to the armies mobilized by the European armies. With the declaration of war of the USA to Germany in April of 1917, the Congress approved an Act creating the Selective Service System. This law gave the president - W. Wilson at that time - the power of conscription, calling men for military service. The system consisted of a classification of five levels and expanded the previously allowed ages. By the end of the recluting days, it had achieved more than two million volunteers. This conscription campaign was very successful because it was accompanied by a strong publicity that encouraged men to a patriotic attitude, which guaranteed a high success rate. This recruitment system was left without effect in 1920.
