Answer:
Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.
PDK1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1) is an enzyme which inactivates the pyruvate dehydrogenase by phosphorylating it using an ATP molecule<span>.
</span><span>PDK1 (phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1) acts by catalyzing the phosphorylation of Thr-229 (threonine at position 229 in pyruvate dehydrogenase).
This phosphorylation is </span><span>synergistic</span> with the phosphorylation of C-terminal Thr-389, but this one is not done by the PDK1.
Answer: As altitude increases, the spacing between particles increase.
Explanation: There is less gravity when altitude increases to compact the particles together and particles are more free flowing to move around. Therefore the particles aren't as close together, increasing the amount of space in between them.