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Answer:
The burn may be classified as a <u>Fourth-degree burn with 31 % of TBSA.</u>
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Explanation:
There are 4 types of burn classifications: Superficial burn <u>(first-degree)</u>, Superficial partial thickness burn or Deep partial thickness burn<u> (second-degree),</u> Full thickness burn <u>(third-degree),</u> and Fourth-degree burn.
<h3>Superficial burn or First-degree burn</h3>
- Involved layer is <u>epidermis</u>
- It appears red <u>without blisters</u> with <u>dry</u> texture
- With sensation of <u>pain is present</u>
- Healing time <u>within 5 - 10 days</u> and heals well with <u>no complications</u>.
- It extends to the <u>dermis</u>. (<em>papillary</em> for superficial, <em>reticular</em> for deep)
- <u>Blanches with pressure</u>, <u>with or without blistering</u>, <u>red to yellow, white appearance, moist to dry texture</u>
- It still presents <u>with pain</u>, superficial and deep.
- Healing may take <u>2-3 weeks for superficial, 3-8 weeks for deep</u>. Local infection may occur and scarring may ensue.
- Destroys the <u>entire dermis.</u>
- <u>Stiff with white-brown appearance</u>, <u>NO blanching, with leathery texture.</u>
- <u>Painless</u>
- <u>Long time needed for recovery</u>. It may need surgical removal of dead tissue.
- Encompasses the <u>whole layer of skin and underlying fat, exposing the bones and/or muscles.</u>
- <u>Black and charred (eschar), dry texture.</u>
- <u>Painless</u>
- Definitely <u>needs surgical removal of dead tissue</u> to allow recovery.
- It may also cause <u>significant functional disability</u>.
To determine for the burn percentage, we use the <em>Wallace “Rule of Nines” </em>chart. It <u>estimates the percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) that has been destroyed by burns</u>. The diagram attached shows the body divided into multiple sections which represent 9% of the body surface area.
For the example, we have the following given and corresponding percentages:
- Entire surface of the right lower limb - 18% (the whole right leg is affected, front and back, so that's 18%)
- Entire surface of right trunk - 9% (The trunk is 18% in whole, but in this example, only the right trunk is affected, so that's 9%)
- Anterior surface of the right upper limb - 4.5% (Only the front surface of the right arm is affected so it's 4.5%)
% TSBA = 18 + 9 + 4.5
<h3><u>% TSBA = 31.5 %</u></h3>