I believe the answer is: Conditioned response
Conditioned response refers to a learned response that happen after pairing a certain trigger with a certain situation. Since maria's is used to experience the feeling of more awake after consuming coffee, the smell of the coffee itself would trigger a certain response in her brain that change her bodily function to make her feel more awake.
The answer is; neutral.
<em>Hope this helped! :)</em>
Answer: Subjective Method
Explanation: Assigned probability based on judgement or assertion is termed as Subjective. Subjective probability relies on an individual's personal perception or idea that an event will occur or otherwise. Subjective probability isn't based no any thorough research, scientific finding or market analysis, It is purely based on individual judgement and therefore it differs from one individual to another.
For instance, if an individual opines that it will rain tomorrow without accessing weather or any related information, then it's a subjective judgement.
I think it's D but don't take me on that because it's a high school question and i'm in middle school lol.
The law
i think hope this helps