That is a picture of Hagia Sophia located in Istanbul, Turkey. The Hagia Sophia served as a center for religious, political, and artistic life for the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire). It started as a place of great importance for the Byzantines, but then became a extremely important site of worship when Sultan Mehmed II conquered Constantinople. (Constantinople is modern day Istanbul)
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The Germans believed that Great Britain would decide to stay out of the war.
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Schlieffen in his plans had made plans to take France by surprise and that a big and successful attack against France was going to be enough to stop Britain from being involved in the war. And This would give the Germans time (Schlieffen had built his plans around six weeks) to move soldiers who had been fighting the French to Russia to take on the Russians.
The attack on France was to be done through Belgium and Luxemburg. Britain in 1839 had guaranteed Belgium her neutrality. Schlieffen's strategy for success was dependent on Britain not supporting Belgium.
The introduction of a tax-supported school system
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Answer: the county of Edessa (1097–1150); the principality of Antioch (1098–1287) this is for number 2
1. When Pope Urban had said these and very many similar things in his urbane discourse, he so influenced to one purpose the desires of all who were present that they cried out, ‘It is the will of God! It is the will of God!’’’
So wrote the monk Robert of Rheims in his Historia Hierosolymitana (‘History of Jerusalem’) during the early 1100s. Some years earlier, on 27 November 1095, Urban II preached a public sermon outside the town of Clermont in central France, summoning Christians to take part in the First Crusade, a new form of holy war. It was a carefully stage-managed event, in which the pope’s representative, the papal legate Adhémar of Le Puy, supposedly moved by the pope’s eloquence, tore up strips of cloth to make crosses for the crowds. Urban had been travelling through France accompanied by a large entourage from Italy, dedicating cathedrals and churches and presiding over reforming councils, and his proposed crusade was part of a wider programme of church reform. In March that year, at the Council of Piacenza, a desperate Byzantine emperor, Alexius I Comnenus, had pleaded for western help against the Seljuk Turks, whose conquests were decimating Byzantium and preventing Christians from reaching pilgrimage sites. Urban wanted to extend the hand of friendship to the Orthodox church and to heal the schism with Catholicism, which had gone from bad to worse since the time of his predecessor Leo IX.
We have a number of accounts of Urban’s speech, contemporary and later, although they differ somewhat in what they record. Yet we know that he called on knights to vow to fight in a penitential pilgrimage on Christ’s behalf, in a war to defend the Holy Land from Muslim oppressors, and that he used the Christian symbol of the cross as an emotive sign of commitment to the enterprise. Urban promised the crowds that crusading would not just benefit the church and European Christian society but their own souls, since all sins, past and present, would be wiped away through his dramatic promise of the ‘remission of sins’.
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Answer: One of the answers is D
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