Please add the options then i might be able to help :)
Answer:
You would use quotation marks around the speaker's actual words.
If the speaker is thinking, then you use italics.
Answer:
It is a metaphor because it does not use like or as and it is comparing two things.
In general, it is "D. all of these" that should be considered when trying to discover the theme of a piece of literature, since pretty much any element can develop a theme.