Answer:Misdemeanors in New York are divided into 3 classes: Class A misdemeanors, Class B misdemeanors, and unclassified misdemeanors.
Answer:
Okay
Explanation:
Human topoisomerase I plays an important role in removing positive DNA supercoils that accumulate ahead of replication forks. It also is the target for camptothecin-based anticancer drugs that act by increasing levels of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA scission. Evidence suggests that cleavage events most likely to generate permanent genomic damage are those that occur ahead of DNA tracking systems. Therefore, it is important to characterize the ability of topoisomerase I to cleave positively supercoiled DNA. Results confirm that the human enzyme maintains higher levels of cleavage with positively as opposed to negatively supercoiled substrates in the absence or presence of anticancer drugs. Enhanced drug efficacy on positively supercoiled DNA is due primarily to an increase in baseline levels of cleavage. Sites of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage do not appear to be affected by supercoil geometry. However, rates of ligation are slower with positively supercoiled substrates. Finally, intercalators enhance topoisomerase I-mediated cleavage of negatively supercoiled substrates but not positively supercoiled or linear DNA. We suggest that these compounds act by altering the perceived topological state of the double helix, making underwound DNA appear to be overwound to the enzyme, and propose that these compounds be referred to as ‘topological poisons of topoisomerase I’
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Answer:
• Penile erections and sexual activity
After circumcision, nighttime and morning erections often cause pain because they pull on the skin stitches and cause the man to wake up. The pain usually causes the erection to subside; this relaxes the tension on skin stitches, and the pain goes away.
Explanation:
Answer:
Toxocara canis
Explanation:
Predator prey route is the transmission method used by different protozoa. They enter the body of the prey when they eat an infected prey. They are infused in the blood of the predator and then resides there forming an infection. They overcome transmission barriers and enters the body of host.
