Answer:
<u>Ecological systems</u> are complex systems that have various sub systems acting under them.
Explanation:
Earth is made up of a complex of systems known as the Geo ecosystems this ecosystem is a dynamic entity in itself as various Biological realms are present in earth ecosystem that is composed of water, marine, forest and other ecological systems that tend to sustain itself if there is any break in this system or there is any sort of disequilibrium in energy flow the changes in one ecosystem can have negative impacts on other ecosystems. Likewise, humans can also and have disturbed or modified the ecosystems according to their needs. As these interactions are governed by a set of feedback mechanisms. For example the natural disasters like hurricanes, cyclone, and other climatic disasters.
I think the first option is the right one
