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2 years ago

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Twelve percent of U.S. residents are in their forties. Consider a group of nine U.S. residents selected at random. Find the prob

ability that two or three of the people in the group are in their forties.

1 answer:

miskamm [114]2 years ago

7 0

Answer:

The probability is 28 % ( approx )

Step-by-step explanation:

Since, there are only two possible outcomes in every trails ( residents are in their forties or not ),

So, this is a binomial distribution,

Binomial distribution formula,

Probability of success in x trials,

$P(x)=^nC_x p^x q^{n-x}$

Where, $^nC_x=\frac{n!}{x!(n-x)!}$

p and q are probability of success and failure respectively and n is the total number of trials.

Let X be the event of resident who are in his or her forties.

Here, p = 12% = 0.12,

⇒ q = 1 - p = 1 - 0.12 = 0.88,

n = 9,

Hence, the probability that two or three of the people in the group are in their forties = P(X=2) + P(X=3)

$^9C_2 (0.12)^2 (0.88)^{9-2}+^9C_3 (0.12)^3 (0.88)^{9-3}$

$=36(0.12)^2 (0.88)^7+84(0.12)^3 (0.88)^6$

$=0.279266611163$

$\approx 0.28$

$=28\%$

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Answer:

(a) Name: Multinomial distribution

Parameters: $p_1 = 5\%$ $p_2 = 85\%$ $p_3 = 10\%$ $n = 20$

(b) Range: $\{(x,y,z)| x + y + z=20\}$

(c) Name: Binomial distribution

Parameters: $p_1 = 5\%$ $n = 20$

$(d)\ E(x) = 1$ $Var(x) = 0.95$

$(e)\ P(X = 1, Y = 17, Z = 3) = 0$

$(f)\ P(X \le 1, Y = 17, Z = 3) =0.07195$

$(g)\ P(X \le 1) = 0.7359$

$(h)\ E(Y) = 17$

Step-by-step explanation:

Given

$p_1 = 5\%$

$p_2 = 85\%$

$p_3 = 10\%$

$n = 20$

$X \to$ High Slabs

$Y \to$ Medium Slabs

$Z \to$ Low Slabs

Solving (a): Names and values of joint pdf of X, Y and Z

Given that:

$X \to$ Number of voids considered as high slabs

$Y \to$ Number of voids considered as medium slabs

$Z \to$ Number of voids considered as low slabs

Since the variables are more than 2 (2 means binomial), then the name is multinomial distribution

The parameters are:

$p_1 = 5\%$ $p_2 = 85\%$ $p_3 = 10\%$ $n = 20$

And the mass function is:

$f_{XYZ} = P(X = x; Y = y; Z = z) = \frac{n!}{x!y!z!} * p_1^xp_2^yp_3^z$

Solving (b): The range of the joint pdf of X, Y and Z

Given that:

$n = 20$

The number of voids (x, y and z) cannot be negative and they must be integers; So:

$x + y + z = n$

$x + y + z = 20$

Hence, the range is:

$\{(x,y,z)| x + y + z=20\}$

Solving (c): Names and values of marginal pdf of X

We have the following parameters attributed to X:

$p_1 = 5\%$ and $n = 20$

Hence, the name is: Binomial distribution

Solving (d): E(x) and Var(x)

In (c), we have:

$p_1 = 5\%$ and $n = 20$

$E(x) = p_1* n$

$E(x) = 5\% * 20$

$E(x) = 1$

$Var(x) = E(x) * (1 - p_1)$

$Var(x) = 1 * (1 - 5\%)$

$Var(x) = 1 * 0.95$

$Var(x) = 0.95$

$(e)\ P(X = 1, Y = 17, Z = 3)$

In (b), we have: $x + y + z = 20$

However, the given values of x in this question implies that:

$x + y + z = 1 + 17 + 3$

$x + y + z = 21$

Hence:

$P(X = 1, Y = 17, Z = 3) = 0$

$(f)\ P{X \le 1, Y = 17, Z = 3)$

This question implies that:

$P(X \le 1, Y = 17, Z = 3) =P(X = 0, Y = 17, Z = 3) + P(X = 1, Y = 17, Z = 3)$

Because

$0, 1 \le 1$ --- for x

In (e), we have:

$P(X = 1, Y = 17, Z = 3) = 0$

So:

$P(X \le 1, Y = 17, Z = 3) =P(X = 0, Y = 17, Z = 3) +0$

$P(X \le 1, Y = 17, Z = 3) =P(X = 0, Y = 17, Z = 3)$

In (a), we have:

$f_{XYZ} = P(X = x; Y = y; Z = z) = \frac{n!}{x!y!z!} * p_1^xp_2^yp_3^z$

So:

$P(X=0; Y=17; Z = 3) = \frac{20!}{0! * 17! * 3!} * (5\%)^0 * (85\%)^{17} * (10\%)^{3}$

$P(X=0; Y=17; Z = 3) = \frac{20!}{1 * 17! * 3!} * 1 * (85\%)^{17} * (10\%)^{3}$

$P(X=0; Y=17; Z = 3) = \frac{20!}{17! * 3!} * (85\%)^{17} * (10\%)^{3}$

Expand

$P(X=0; Y=17; Z = 3) = \frac{20*19*18*17!}{17! * 3*2*1} * (85\%)^{17} * (10\%)^{3}$

$P(X=0; Y=17; Z = 3) = \frac{20*19*18}{6} * (85\%)^{17} * (10\%)^{3}$

$P(X=0; Y=17; Z = 3) = 20*19*3 * (85\%)^{17} * (10\%)^{3}$

Using a calculator, we have:

$P(X=0; Y=17; Z = 3) = 0.07195$

So:

$P(X \le 1, Y = 17, Z = 3) =P(X = 0, Y = 17, Z = 3)$

$P(X \le 1, Y = 17, Z = 3) =0.07195$

$(g)\ P(X \le 1)$

This implies that:

$P(X \le 1) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)$

In (c), we established that X is a binomial distribution with the following parameters:

$p_1 = 5\%$ $n = 20$

Such that:

$P(X=x) = ^nC_x * p_1^x * (1 - p_1)^{n - x}$

So:

$P(X=0) = ^{20}C_0 * (5\%)^0 * (1 - 5\%)^{20 - 0}$

$P(X=0) = ^{20}C_0 * 1 * (1 - 5\%)^{20}$

$P(X=0) = 1 * 1 * (95\%)^{20}$

$P(X=0) = 0.3585$

$P(X=1) = ^{20}C_1 * (5\%)^1 * (1 - 5\%)^{20 - 1}$

$P(X=1) = 20 * (5\%)* (1 - 5\%)^{19}$

$P(X=1) = 0.3774$

So:

$P(X \le 1) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)$

$P(X \le 1) = 0.3585 + 0.3774$

$P(X \le 1) = 0.7359$

$(h)\ E(Y)$

Y has the following parameters

$p_2 = 85\%$ and $n = 20$

$E(Y) = p_2 * n$

$E(Y) = 85\% * 20$

$E(Y) = 17$

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2. Put a sideways half line on the circle
1.Put a sideways full line on the circle
3.

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Vertical angles are always equal.

Because the two expression we have are equal, we can make the equation:

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