Answer:
The HIPAA Privacy Rule for the first time creates national standards to protect individuals' medical records and other personal health information. It gives patients more control over their health information. It sets boundaries on the use and release of health records.
The correct answer for this question is Osmosis.
Osmotic diuresis is an increase in urine production brought on by the presence of specific chemicals in the tiny kidney tubes. When chemicals like glucose enter the kidney tubules and cannot be reabsorbed, excretion takes place (due to a pathological state or the normal nature of the substance). The compounds raise the osmotic pressure inside the tubule, which causes water to be retained in the lumen and inhibits water absorption, boosting urine production (i.e., diuresis). Therapeutics like mannitol, which is used to improve urine output and decrease extracellular fluid volume, have the similar effect.
By making the blood more osmolar, substances in the circulation can also increase the volume of fluid flowing through the body.
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<h2>Cholinergic and Adrenergic neurons</h2>
Explanation:
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a dual innervations system which innervates internal organs of the body through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). Depending upon the neurotransmitter and receptor used, the ANS fibers are classified as cholinergic or adrenergic neurons.
The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACH) and hence are called cholinergic neurons.
The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system releases catecholamine like norepinephrine(NE) and hence called as adrenergic neurons.
The cholinergic neurons store ACH in the synaptic terminals. They are myelinated to aid in faster neurotransmission. The ACH neurotransmitter released from preganglionic neurons activates the two receptors – nicotinic ACH and muscarinic receptors on the postganglionic neurons
.
The postganglionic neurons releasing NE binds to the adrenergic receptors – Alpha 1 and 2, Beta 1, 2, and 3.
