Well in my words, The vaccine is the weakened or dead version of the virus(pathogen). This actually prepares the body to be un-affected if it ever comes in contact with the virus (pathogen) again. After the vaccine is injected your body produces memory cells. These help your body become immune to the same virus (pathogen) twice. So basically it helps protect your body from dangerous viruses or pathogens, and develops immunities against them.
I really hope this helped :D
salt has a high concetration on mineral which can kill the plant. But it can also grow with distilled water bc it removes minerals and chemicals but it's better for indoor plants. And sugar will just kill the plant bc the plant already makes the nutrients it needs. Idk what you mean by regular water.
height can be measured with a ruler.
Im not sure what you asking but yea