Answer:
Decay adds carbon to the atmosphere.
South African people are vaccinated with Yellow fever. First, SA is strict in the implementation proof of vaccination in travelers coming in the country. The vaccination card must show vaccination at least ten days prior to travel. This is to prevent reintroduction of the disease to SA people. Second, In the list of Center for Disease Control, South Africa is not included in the countries with an endemic Yellow fever which means that the disease is wiped out if not controlled through vaccination.
If you want to prevent yourself from being bias you must not base anything off of your opinion, or what you think is the right answer.
Everything must be strictly facts with no intention of trying to persuade the reader. If you truly believe that you need something in your paper, make sure you can support your claim with actual facts (it is very important that you back up all of your claims with actual facts)
Refrain from using things like:
•In my opinion
•I think
•I believe
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•Everyone knows that
Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
