Answer:
Adaptive immune responses are triggered by activation of antigen-specific T cells that produce antibodies against foreign antigens such as, for example, harmful viruses. These immune responses are useful to eliminate dangerous molecules from the body. In a normal immune reaction, the antibodies produced by T-cells target antigen molecules in order to be subsequently absorbed by phagocytic macrophage cells.
Autoimmune diseases are triggered by the response of the adaptive immune system against self-antigen molecules. Since the immune system can not eliminate antigens from the own body, this immune reaction generates an excessive inflammatory response, and it may lead to the damage of tissues and organs.
Answer:
- cpDNA organization is more similar to that of prokaryotes than eukaryotes
- chloroplast chromosomes contain genes that are involved in photophosphorylation
Explanation:
The willingness to differentiate among possessing expertise and getting a serious level of respect is ethical competence. While applying policies to promote skill and qualifications to preparation and schooling for skilled careers, it is the phase outside technological competence that ethical competence must always be recognized.
