For a question to be answerable by science, it must be testable. This means that there must be some thing that can be changed, an independent variable, and in turn, the results change.
Oftentimes, the scientific method is used when testing something. The steps of the scientific method are as follows:
Question: This is when something is observed, and you ask, "I wonder what would happen if..."
Hypothesize: this is where you try to guess the answer to your own question based solely on logic
Experimentation: This is where you actually design and conduct multiple experiments to test the hypothesis that you previously made
Observe: this is when you record the results of your experiment
Analyze: You look at the gathered data, and make come to a conclusion based on the results
And then finally,
Report/Share: This is when you actually deliver your findings to the scientific community/world
Explanation:
<u>anaerobic process that restores NAD+ supply
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Within cells, aerobic respiration may not occur due to several factors:
- - a lack of inorganic, final electron acceptors
- -incomplete or lack of a complete electron transport system
- -missing genes for enzymes within the Kreb's cycle
Thus, they utilize other means for the generation of energy in the form of ATP and to replenish NAD+ an oxidized form of NADH, the main electron carrier in glycolysis. Pyruvate is produced in the cytoplasm via glycolysis- it is also used as an electron acceptor in a process called fermentation.
Further Explanation:
overall: C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP
In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’ or Citric acid cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm).
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain the energy they release is used in pumping protons out of the matrix of the mitochondria.
This forms a gradient where there is a differential in the number of protons on either side of the membrane the protons flow or re-enter the matrix through the enzyme ATP synthase, which makes the energy storage molecules of ATP from the reduction of ADP. At the end of the electron transport, three molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water...
- Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules. (2 ATP are utilized for a net ATP of 2)
- The Citric acid or Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
- The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.
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Answer:
1. Earth's temperature is maintained by re radiated infra red radiation by green green house gases and slightly by water vapors in atmosphere. These gases prevent heat from escaping to outer space, so are functionally comparable to glass panel of green house. Thus, this heating effect is referred to as green house effect. Carbon dioxide is a green house gas so increased amount of this gas in the atmosphere will result in increased atmospheric temperature and global warming.
2. Three sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide are:
- Volcanic eruption
- Respiration by plants and animals
- Decomposition of organic substance.
Explanation:
- <u>Overall rise in temperature </u>of the Earth due to excessive amount of green house gases in atmosphere that trap heat radiating from Earth's surface is called Global warming.
- Global warming can cause melting of ice caps, alteration of seasons, destruction of forest and increase in deserts.
- Green house gases include carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen dioxide etc.
- Among all these gases Carbon dioxide is the major component that is responsible for global warming.
- Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere by burning of fossil fuels, volcanic eruption and respiration. But Burning of fossil fuels itself adds about 18 X 10¹² tonnes of CO₂ anually.
- Global warming has become a major environmental concern now and needs to be controlled immediately.
Answer:
A science teacher asked students to describe and explain an internal adaptation that allows for a specific function. Students wrote the following:
Student 1: Leaf frogs can change their appearance to match their surroundings.
Student 2: Birds have hollow bones, enabling them to fly.
Student 3: Penguins live together in groups.
Student 4: Musk ox have thick, shaggy hair to protect them from cold temperatures.
Which student’s answer describes and explains an internal adaptation that allows for a specific function?
Explanation:
