The process of shifting the graph of the function 1 unite to the right can be obtained by subtracting 1 to the x-coordinate in the expression of the function:
The process of stretching vertically the function, would be accomplished by multiplying now the full function by "3":
the reflection over the x-axis is obtained by multiplying the full function by the constant "-1":
( y - 4 ) ( y² + 4 y + 16 ) = = y³ + 4 y² + 16 y - 4 y² - 16 y - 64 = y³ - 64 If the result is the polynomial of the form: y³ + 4 y² + a y - 4 y² - a y - 64 a = 16