Cause and effect essays are about something that happened and the result of it. Persuasive essays are meant to change your mind about something. Expository writing is meant to explain something to someone.
By definition, a description is <em>"a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event"</em>
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The only option that fits it is "descriptive writing", which has as a main purpose to describe something in a way that the reader can form a picture of the subject in his or her own mind.
