It forms the outer layer of a cell. It gives an animal cell its shape. It is selectively permeable.
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This is a type III hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immune complex deposits. Immune complexes are antigen-antibody (commonly IgG) complexes that are soluble and prone to deposition in multiple organs. Once immune complexes are deposited in an organ, neutrophils and macrophages will then attack the organ causing organ damage and eventually failure. Type III hypersensitivity reactions are characteristic in SLE and other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, etc.
Other types are type I hypersensitivity which are mediated by mast cells and histamine with the involvement of IgE and this commonly happens in allergic reactions. Type II hypersensitivity is cytotoxic hypersensitivity wherein antibodies directly attack organs (not forming immune complexes). Type IV hypersensitivity (or cell-mediated toxicity) involves T-lymphocytes. This is a delayed type of hypersensitivity exemplified by reactions from <em>M. tuberculosis</em> bacilli in tuberculous disease.
Acetylene (C2H2) has a triple bond between the two carbons. So 3 pairs of electrons. Biomed is talking about ethylene (C2H4).
Answer:
Pyruvate is turned to lactate via a process called fermentation
Explanation:
Pyruvate is the product of the initial stage of cellular respiration called GLYCOLYSIS. Pyruvate is produced in the cytoplasm where glycolysis occurs. The fate of pyruvate i.e. what will eventually happen to pyruvate, is determined by the presence or absence of oxygen.
In the absence of oxygen i.e. anaerobic condition, pyruvate is converted into lactate in a process called FERMENTATION. The NADH produced during glycolysis is reoxidized to form NAD+ in the process.
Answer:
Well, on one hand, this is a good thing as negative effects of the high demand for wood such as deforestation can be minimised. This will also sustain the supply of wood for several applications. However, there could be negative consequences of propagating such genetically-modified trees, which were not stated or are not yet known. For instance, the trees could be extreme soil nutrient consumers—depleting soil nutrients at a faster rate than they can be replenished and rendering such soil infertile in a short period.
