Iberian Peninsula, with a focus on Spain in particular. Peninsulares were Spanish born Spanish citizens residing in the New World and stood at the top of the food chain in the New World.
Randomization is the process of making something random; in various contexts this involves, for example: generating a random permutation of a sequence (such as when shuffling cards); selecting a random sample of a population (important in statistical sampling
I think the second continental congress was to make peace with the king