Shaping. Each step in the learning process is called an approximation. An animal may be reinforced for each successive approximation toward the final goal of the desired trained behavior. Animals learn complex behaviors through shaping.
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The peptide:MHC class II complex can be recognized by antigen-specific armed ... Some microbial antigens can activate B cells directly in the absence of T-cell help. ... 9-1. The humoral immune response is initiated when B cells that bind antigen ... cells presenting these internal peptides can then activate the B cell to make . Explanation:
