Beta diversity is a measure of the differences in the composition of species among different environments. In order words, it shows how different in terms of species composition is among different environments.
A high beta diversity indicates there is a little similarity in the composition of species among different environmental sites, while a low beta diversity indicates there is high similarity in the composition of species.
Since the species of herbivorous insects among different sites in the forest of Papua New Guinea are very similar in composition, we can say they have low beta diversity.
Aaron's action is considered legal, as you are allowed to make a backup copy of a legal copy of a software, but it can only be used in case the original software is destroyed or unusable.
<em>HTML</em><em>(</em><em>hypertext</em><em> </em><em>markup</em><em> </em><em>language</em><em>)</em><em> </em>is the language that Web Pages are written in.
