Muscle cramps are caused when the muscle takes longer than normal to relax after a contraction. During contraction, the myosin heads attach on their binding sites on the actin filament and pulls on the filament hence shortening the sarcomeres. For the myosin head to release its binding site on the actin filament, ATP attaches to an active site on the myosin and is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. This causes relaxation after a contraction cycle. Cramps, therefore, may be due to depletion of ATP molecule in the muscles cells.
Another reason for cramps may be a high amount of calcium in the muscles that bind to troponin on the actin filaments. This exposes the myosin binding sites longer hence promotes the formation of cross-bridge even when the contraction of the muscle is not intended anymore.
<h2>Human Reproductive System</h2>
Explanation:
- The most <em>Flowering plants</em> have a distinctive element is their <em>reproductive organs, ordinarily called flowers</em>
- Sexual propagation in flowering plants includes the develop of <em>female and male gametes</em>, the exchange of the <em>male gametes to the female ovules in a process called pollination</em>
- The part of reproductive plant organ,the flower contain pistil <em>(female flower part) and stamen (male flower part),or plus accessory part such as petals,sepals and nectar gland</em>
- The stamen is the male reproductive organ. It consists of a <em>pollen sac (anther) and a long supporting filament</em>
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Estuaries are partially enclosed water bodies.
Water bodies called estuaries and the marshes that surround them are typically found where rivers and the sea converge.
Unique plant and animal communities that have adapted to brackish water, which is a mixture of fresh water that drains from the land and salty ocean, can be found in estuaries.
Many of the environmental services and features that brackish estuaries provide, such as acting as natural runoff filters and functioning as nursery grounds, are also provided by these freshwater estuaries.
They have clean water and provide a safe growing and protected environment and hence are great spawning grounds for a wide variety of fish and shellfish.
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