Enlightenment philosophers were generally opposed to the Catholic Church and organized religion in general. The Catholic Church was seen as an oppressor -- along with the aristocracy -- of individual freedom and reason because of its dogmatism and insistence on being the only source of truth. I hope my answer has come to your help. God bless and have a nice day ahead!
For my answer I spoke about how before The Enlightenment, people were not allowed to discuss their beliefs on things like religion, without getting punished or getting themselves in trouble. But now they were free to speak their mind and opinions. Which allowed for the people to have a lot more knowledge on what was going on around them, i hope this helps.
The scentence shows the assumption of men being most likely to be born colorblind than women, which is just an opinion otherwise known as stereotypical.
