The ciliates<span> have both a </span>micronucleus<span> and </span>macronucleus<span>, which appear quite homogeneous in composition. The organelles of protozoa have functions similar to the organs of higher animals. The </span>plasma membrane<span> enclosing the </span>cytoplasm<span> also covers the projecting locomotory structures such as </span>pseudopodia<span>, </span>cilia<span>, and </span>flagella<span>.
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<span>Within a protein, multiple amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, thereby forming a long chain. Peptide bonds are formed by a biochemical reaction that extracts a water molecule as it joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of a neighboring amino acid. </span>
I know DNA and stuff is super hard to learn I had to look at my old notes.
Answer:
Explanation:
Oxygen gas and water must be present for iron to rust.
A region of the metal’s surface serves as the anode, where oxidation
occurs:
Fe(s) → Fe²⁺ (aq) + 2 e⁻
The electrons given up by iron reduce atmospheric oxygen to water at the cathode, which is another region of the same metal’s surface:
O₂ (g) + 4H⁺ (aq) + 4 e⁻ → 2 H₂O (l)
The overall redox reaction is:
2 Fe(s) + O₂(g) → 4H⁺(aq) + 2Fe²⁺ (aq) + 2 H₂O(l)
The Fe²⁺ ions formed at the anode are further oxidized by oxygen:
4 Fe²⁺ (aq) + O₂(g) 1 (4 + 2x) H₂O (l) → 2 Fe₂O₃ . xH₂O(s) + 8 H⁺(aq)
This hydrated form of iron(III) oxide is known as rust. The amount of water associated with the iron oxide varies, so we represent the formula as 2 Fe₂O₃ . xH₂O.
Electrical synapses, I believe.
Answer:
Option 2, Arousal
Explanation:
Reticular activating system (RAS) or the ascending arousal system consists of nuclei and tracts and is involved in the regulation of wakefulness, sleep aspects and arousal.
RAS is located in the mesopons and interacts with the basal forebrainand thalamocortical systems. It activates the cerebral cortex and thereby maintain the consiusness. The neurons located at the pontomesencephalic junctionparticipates in this activity of arousal.
Hence, option 2 is correct
