Answer:
When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene, it does not evolve and allelic frequencies will remain the same for generations.
There are five basic Hardy-Weinberg assumptions: there is no mutation, the mating is random, there is no gene flow, the population size is infinite and there is no selection.
If the assumptions are not met for a gene, the population can evolve for that gene (that is, the allelic frequencies of that gene may change).
The mechanisms of evolution are violations of the different Hardy-Weinberg assumptions: mutation, non-random mating, genetic flow, finite population size (gene drift) and natural selection.
Answer:
The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same size as prokaryotic cells and divide by binary fission. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA which is circular, not linear.
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As powerful as diffusion is, cells sometimes must move materials in the opposite direction—against a concentration difference. This is accomplished by a process known as active transport. As its name implies, active transport requires energy.
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Step 1: DNA replication begins at the origin of replication
Step 2: Helicase cuts hydrogen bonds and separates DNA in half
Step 3: Single strand binding proteins attach and keep the DNA molecules separated.
Step 4: The replication fork is formed with the leading and lagging strands
Step 5: In the leading strand RNA primase moves along nucleotides and coats with a RNA primer.
Step 6: DNA polymerase attaches post primase to DNA nucleotides and moves along towards the replication fork in 5 prime --- 3 prime direction. It adds nucleotides to the half DNA molecules
Step 7: Another type of polymerase replaces the primer with DNA nucleotides so all DNA is there
Step 8: Ligase stitches up the gaps.
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Answer:
a) for every 3 Na ions, it pumps 2 K ions
