The larger antimicrobial proteins, containing more than 100
amino acids, are often lytic enzymes. The smaller antimicrobial peptides act
largely by disrupting the structure or function of microbial cell membranes.
They have a net positive charge. The positive charge makes antimicrobial
peptides selective, so they only adhere to negatively-charged bacterial cell
membranes instead of host cell membranes.The most important antimicrobial proteins are Interferon and Complement proteins
It would be the second one where osmosis is the movement of water from high to low and diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low
Answer:
e. cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and RNA polymerase.
Explanation:
Lac operon is a type of inducible operon which can be controlled positively or negatively. A positively controlled operon is the one which is controlled through an activator while negatively controlled is the one which is controlled through a repressor. The inducer in case of lac operon is cAMP receptor protein (CRP) which forms a dimer and makes interaction in the upstream region of promoter of lac operon so as to facilitate transcription. Repressor in case of lac operon is a tetrameric protein which binds the operator region of lac operon and prevents gene expression by restricting RNA polymerase from facilitating transcription.
When lactose is present in high concentrations and glucose is in low concentration in the culture medium for a wild type E. coli strain, the control will be negative as well as positive.
If the glucose level is very low, an enzyme known as adenylyl cyclase becomes active and produces cAMP, this cAMP then forms a dimer by interacting with CRP to form a cAMP-CRP dimer which acts as an activator and binds to the upstream of lac promoter and helps RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.
Also because of high lactose concentration, lactose isomerises into allolactose which acts as an inducer and interacts with repressor to remove it from operator region. As soon as repressor is removed from the operator region, RNA polymerase starts transcription.
Carry nutrients from the soil to the plant
The Golgi apparatus<span> gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more</span>complex<span>. It then takes those big molecules, packages them in vesicles, and either stores them for later use or sends them out of the cell. It is also the organelle that builds lysosomes (cell digestion machines).</span>
