The complete question has been added with an image for better understanding of the concept. The beneficiaries of the inflation and interest rates will be,
- When inflation is 1 percent, Diane will benefit more than Jack;
- When inflation is 0 percent; Diane will benefit more than Jack;
- When inflation is 4 percent; Jack will benefit more than Diane;
- When inflation is -2 percent; Diane will benefit more than Jack.
<h3>What is inflation?</h3>
A given increase in rates or prices of any commodity, including monies, over a particular financial period is known as inflation.
The rates and beneficiaries due to the unexpected change in inflation for the above situation is given attached in the image in the form of a table.
Hence, the significance of inflation is as mentioned.
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The economy is hit with a positive oil price shock in one period that raises the level of oil prices permanently. if adaptive expectations hold, this wil shift the AS curve up initially and then shift the AS curve back to original position in the following period.
<h3>What is the AS curve?</h3>
The aggregate supply curve describes the amount of real GDP that the economy supplies at different price levels. The reasoning used to construct the aggregate supply curve is different from the reasoning used to construct the supply curves of individual goods and services. The supply curve for a single good is constructed under the assumption that the prices of production inputs remain unchanged. If the price of good X rises, the unit cost for sellers to supply good X does not change, so sellers are willing to supply more of good X - so the supply curve for good X shifts upward. However, the aggregate supply curve is determined based on the price level. An increase in the price level increases the price producers receive for their output and thus increases production.
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Answer: c). a decrease in the government's budget surplus or an increase in its budget deficit.
Explanation: Budget surplus refers to the excess of government revenue from taxes and other sources over its expenditure. While, budget deficit refers to the excess of government expenditures over its revenue.
BS= T>G
BD= G>T
A decrease in the government's budget surplus or an increase in its budget deficit leads to an increase in the interest rate in the economy. Thus the correct option is c.
<span>If the government had prohibited price increases after the bp oil spill, shrimp would steadily become more scare, as the supply had been compromised, increasing the demand.</span>
