The increase in trade and commerce during the middle ages resulted in the increase of the growth of towns and cities.
Answer:
The albedo temperature for Mars and Venus are 210K and 184 K respectively.Mars albedo temperature is closer to its black body temperature such that the Venus has more albedo.Thus there is a chance that Mars would have had life in their history.
Explanation:
The albedo temperature is given as
![Te =\left [\dfrac{L(1-a)}{ (16\pi \sigma D^2}\right]^{1/4}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Te%20%3D%5Cleft%20%5B%5Cdfrac%7BL%281-a%29%7D%7B%20%2816%5Cpi%20%5Csigma%20D%5E2%7D%5Cright%5D%5E%7B1%2F4%7D)
Here
L = Solar luminosity = 3.846*1026 W m-2 K-4
D = distance from Sun
σ = the Stefan-Boltzman constant = 5.6704 * 10-8 W
a is the albedo constant whose value for Mars is 0.250 while for Venus it is 0.900
So the albedo temperature is given as
Venus: 184 K
Mars: 210 K
The black body temperature is given as
![Te =\left [\dfrac{L}{ (16\pi \sigma D^2}\right]^{1/4}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Te%20%3D%5Cleft%20%5B%5Cdfrac%7BL%7D%7B%20%2816%5Cpi%20%5Csigma%20D%5E2%7D%5Cright%5D%5E%7B1%2F4%7D)
By substitution of the values, the black body temperature for Venus and Mars are as
Venus: 327 K
Mars: 225 K
Mars albedo temperature is closer to its black body temperature such that the Venus has more albedo.
Thus there is a chance that Mars would have had life in their history.
I hope this helps! C:
Cultural convergence occurs when multiple cultures share information with each other and become similar to one another. Communication is one of the most prominent ways that cultural convergence happens since some cultures end up incorporating other languages into own.
Answer:
Topographic maps have contour lines that connect points of identical elevation above sea level. Contour lines run next to each other. Adjacent contour lines are separated by a constant difference in elevation, usually noted on the map. Topographic maps have a horizontal scale to indicate horizontal distances.