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densk [106]
3 years ago
8

You've been experiencing acid indigestion lately, and you'd like a quick fix for the problem. You do a little research on the In

ternet and discover that your problem is caused by excess stomach acid. In the pharmacy aisles, however, you're having a little trouble deciding what to purchase to address the problem. At the pharmacy counter, the clerk recommends that you purchase PEPCID AC or Alka-Seltzer tablets. You hypothesize that a tablet of PEPCID AC can neutralize more stomach acid than a tablet of Alka-Seltzer. If you placed a tablet of each antacid in a beaker of acid at an initial pH of 2, which of the following experimental results would support your hypothesis? A. After 1 hour, the pH of the solution in the PEPCID AC beaker was 7.9 and the pH of the solution in the Alka-Seltzer beaker was 9.6. B. It took 3 minutes for the PEPCID AC tablet to fully dissolve, and it took 5 minutes for the Alka-Seltzer tablet to fully dissolve. C. After 1 hour, the pH of the solution in the PEPCID AC beaker was 9.2 and the pH of the solution in the Alka-Seltzer beaker was 8.3. D. After 1 hour, the pH of the solution in the PEPCID AC beaker was equal to that of the pH of the solution in the Alka-Seltzer beaker.
Biology
1 answer:
Licemer1 [7]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

<em>C: After 1 hour, the pH of the solution in the PEPCID AC beaker was 9.2 and the pH of the solution in the Alka-Seltzer beaker was 8.3</em>

Explanation:

The degree of acidity or alkalinity/basicity of a substance is its pH. The value of pH ranges from 1 to 14 with the former being extreme acidity and the latter being extreme alkalinity while pH 7 is considered neutral.

Hence, any pH below 7 is considered acidic and above 7 is considered alkaline.

Reactions involving equal volumes of an acid and a base can end in acidic, alkaline or neutral pH depending on the strength of the acid/base involved;

  • Equal volumes of strong acid with strong base will result in neutral pH
  • Equal volumes of weak acid with strong base will result in alkaline pH
  • Equal volume of strong acid with weak base will result in acidic pH

If substance A and B reacts with equal volume of the same acid under the same condition and the end result of A is a solution with pH of 9.2 and that of B is a pH of 8.3, it simply means substance A is a stronger base than substance B.

<em>Hence, the only outcome that supports the hypothesis that a tablet of PEPCID AC can neutralize more stomach acid than a tablet of Alka-Seltzer is that the pH of the solution in the PEPCID AC beaker was 9.2 and the pH of the solution in the Alka-Seltzer beaker was 8.3 after being subjected to the same condition.</em>

If an indigestion is due to excess stomach acid, the only way to reduce the acidity is to consume a substance that will decrease the degree of acidity in the stomach. This means that the patient will need to consume something that is alkaline in order to increase the pH.

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Answer:

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The UN projects that the global population increases from a population of 7.7 billion in 2019 to 10.9 billion by the end of the century. By that time, the UN projects, fast global population growth will come to an end.

Beneath the global level, there are of course, big differences between different world regions and countries. While in some regions the world population will likely grow rapidly for the coming decades other regions will continue to see declining population numbers.

Global population growth is determined by the number of births and deaths. Improving health is increasing the size of the population as it is decreasing mortality. The countervailing trend are falling fertility rates – the trend of couples having fewer children is what brought rapid population growth to an end in many countries already, and what will bring an end to rapid population growth globally.

The global population growth rate has already slowed down considerably: It reached its peak at over 2% in the late 1960s and has been falling since.

The UN projections for the global population growth rates, which have been produced since the 1950s, have a good track record in projecting the size of the global population.

While the UN projections are most widely know there are other very carefully produced projections. The demographers of WC-IIASA model what will happen according to different scenarios and make clear that the population growth rate tomorrow depends on what we do today. Rapid progress in getting children and especially girls into schools will result in a much smaller global population.

The biggest disagreement between different projections is concerning the future of Africa. While the UN projects a 3.5-fold increase of the population of Africa, other researchers find a much smaller increase more likely.

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In 2016, Sub-Saharan Africa, doubling time is 23.3 years, thus Growth rate is 3%.

<h3>What is doubling time?</h3>
  • The doubling time is the time taken by a population to double in its size.
  • This concept is applied to population growth, inflation, resource extraction, consumption of goods, the volume of malignant tumors, and many other things that tend to grow over time.
  • There is an important relationship between the percent growth rate and its doubling time known as “the rule of 70”: to estimate the doubling time for a steadily growing quantity, simply divide the number 70 by the percentage growth rate.
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