Manorialism developed to meet the poeple's economic needs.
The idea that Descartes did contribute to the Scientific Revolution was logic and mathematics that could figure out the uncertainties of existence. Rene Descartes was considered a modern philosopher and published Discourse of Method which was standard of scientific method.
Portuguese, and that's because Brazil was a portuguese colony.
It was a form of American foreign policy to further it's aims in Latin America and east Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries