After studying the map posted by you above, the unequal heating rates of India's land and water are caused by the water having a higher specific heat than the land itself. The correct answer choice is number 4.
The Coriolis force is a fictitious or an inertial force and the objects are forced with the frame of reference and is a clockwise motion that occurs to the felt of the motion of the object and is anticlockwise at this force acts to the right direction. And it generally disturbed the flow of the winds and depends on the rotation of the earth and it affects the earth's surface features.
Hawaii faces challenges in surmounting distances because mainly due to the fact that is is so far away from any other land form. It also has frequent small earthquakes.
As the sunspots are dark and cooler spots on the surface of the sun and they are formed due to a cycle of 11 years and don't directly impact the long term climate cycle of the onset earth as the rise and fall in the sea levels and the movement of the ice sheets and the tectonic upliftment are not caused by them and thus they are not responsible for the climatic changes on earth.
<u>Sun energy is needed d to keep the net active and with the presence of the sun the earth world has temperature extremes and no rotational motion thus long term climatic patterns are dependent on the planet's internal framework.</u>
