This information can be useful to agriculture because bees are major pollinators of crops, so it is important to know which pesticides to manage in order to avoid risk to bee survival. That is option B.
Bees are one of the social insects that lives in societies that are based on a caste system.
Each caste performs a special task or series of tasks that serves as an economic importance to the agricultural system.
Pests such as parasitic mites cause poor agricultural yield. By using pesticides, which are protective chemicals, farmers have greatly improved crop yield.
The bee workers while in search of pollen from crops can be harmed from the pesticides that is being used to control parasitic mites. This can lead to Colony collapse disorder of the caste system of bees.
Therefore, it is important to know which pesticides to manage in order to avoid risk to bee survival.
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1. breeding of individuals that have genes for two different characteristics:
DIHYBRID CROSS.
We call it a dihybrid cross when we are considering a cross between two different traits.
"di" means having two traits involved (for example, trait A and trait B), the "hybrid" means that each trait will have two different alleles (for gene A: A or a; for gene B: B or b), one is dominant and the other is recessive.
2. a grid system used to predict possible combinations of genes due to random fertilization: PUNNETT SQUARE
The Punnett square is a grid system that helps us predict an outcome of a cross or a breeding experiment. We this, we can determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype.
This is very useful when we are considering more than one gene, making it less confusing.
3. a condition in which both alleles are dominant: CODOMINANCE
Tere are alleles that have the capacity of dominating at the same time, and when an organism is heterozygotic, both alleles are expressed.
For example, a white chicken(WW) crossed with a black chicken (BB): 100% of the offspring being WB. With this genotype, they have black feathers and white feathers. It's not a blend of colors, but a case where both are expressing.
4. when more than two alternatives exist for a gene: MULTIPLE ALLELES
Mendel thought that only two possible alternatives could exist for a gene, but there are cases that have more than 3 possibilities. Some of those can be really popular in a population while others not so much.
This happens with rabbit's fur. They can be black, brown, grayish,
Himalayan patterning or white fur.
5.a condition in which neither pair of alleles is dominant or recessive, so the traits blend in the phenotype: INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
Some alleles are not completely dominant, and when that's the case the phenotype of a heterozygous organism will be a mix between the phenotypes of its homozygous parents.
For example:
plant 1: RR -red
plant 2: rr-white
By crossing this plants we will obtain 100% of the offspring with a color mix: pink.(genotype: Rr)
Red and white are not completely dominating so it results in a blend of colors.
Mendelian genetics one of the fundamental laws is The Law of Independent Assortment. The law states that parental traits are passed independently from parent to child. The recessive trait, vestigial Wings, occurs in an approximate phenotypic ratio of 1.3. In monohybrid Cross of heterozygous (Rr) parents the expected phenotypic ratio correlates with the given 1:3 result therefore l can conclude that the parents are both heterogeneous (Rr) for vestigial wings. Normal Wings-R, Vestigial Wings (Parent 1) Rr* Rr (Parent 2) R*R- RR- Normal Wings (Child 1) R*r Rr- Normal WIngs (Child 2) r * R - Rr- Normal Wings (Child 3) r*r- rr Vestigial Wings (Child 4) 1 Vestigial Wings: 3 Normal Wings
