Answer:
the pathway will be under-expressed.
- the alpha subunit helps to bind with either GDP or GTP. when the α subunit is bound with GDP, it will be bound to β and γ subunits and thus forms an inactive state for G-protein.
- when the alpha subunit binds with the GTP, it becomes activated and dissociates β and γ subunits.
if G-protein Coupled Receptor is unable from dissociating β and γ subunits, then the pathway will go under expression.
The chemical qualities of the alpha subunit allow it to bind easily to one of two guanine subunits, GDP or GTP. The protein thus has two functional formations. When GDP is bound to the alpha subunit, the alpha subunit remains bound to the beta-gamma subunit to form an inactive trimeric protein.
G-proteins, cAMP, and Ion Channel Opening. The alpha subunit activates adenylate cyclase, in purple, and loses GTP. Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cyclic AMP, which then activates Protein Kinase, shown in blue. Protein Kinase phosphorylates an ion channel, letting sodium ions rush into the cell.
As a result of the ligand binding to its site on the G-protein-linked receptor, A) the G-protein changes conformation and GTP replaces the GDP on the alpha subunit. ... Inactivation of the alpha subunit occurs when its own phosphorylase activity removes a phosphate from the GTP.
LOCAL ENVIRONMENT ISSUE:
People dump a lot of trash in the sea, and the sea creatures living there goes through a lot of trouble to live with all the muck getting in them. Of course, don't write it like that in your assignment - you'll get told off for the straight forwardness.
Options missing:
a) The pH of the environment should be relatively high.
b) The pH of the environment should be relatively low.
c) The pH of the environment would not matter.
d) The environment should be set to the biochemical standard state.
Answer:
a) The pH of the environment should be relatively high.
Explanation:
For optimal function an enzyme needs a certain environment or condition. As temperature increases, the rate of enzyme activity also increases. As temperature increases toward its optimum point of 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 F), hydrogen bonds relax and make it easier for the hydrogen peroxide molecules to bind to the catalase.
The part of the enzyme where this reaction takes place is called the active site. A temperature that is higher or lower than this optimum point changes the shape of the active site and stops the enzyme from working. This process is called denaturation.
Enzyme pH levels also change the shape of the active site and affect the rate of enzyme activity. Each enzyme has its own optimal range of pH in which it works most effectively. In humans, catalase works only between pH 7 and pH 11. If the pH level is lower than 7 or higher than 11, the enzyme becomes denaturated and loses its structure. The liver sustains a neutral pH of about 7, which creates the best environment for catalase and other enzymes.
General acid catalysis would require histidine to be protonated at pH values (pH 8.0) optimal for enzymatic activity which is relatively high.
<span>A. Exact ecological footprints are often difficult to calculate, but estimates can be useful in comparing populations.
</span>Which of the following could be said about ecological footprints? <u /> <u>Exact ecological footprints are often difficult to calculate, but estimates can be useful in comparing populations.</u><u />
NOT:
b. Ecological footprints can't be used to determine carrying capacity.
C. Ecological footprints don't take into account resources needed to absorb and manage wastes.
<span>D. The average ecological footprints for various countries are nearly identical.</span>
Answer:
those best suited to demands of environment survive
