Question

WILL MARK AS BRAINLIEST!!! 5. A 2011 study by The National Safety Council estimated that there are nearly 5.7 million traffic accidents year. At least 28% of them involved distracted drivers using cell phones or texting. The data showed that 11% of drivers at any time are using cell phones . Car insurance companies base their policy rates on accident data that shows drivers have collisions approximately once every 19 years. That’s a 5.26% chance per year. Given what you know about probability, determine if cell phone use while driving and traffic accidents are related. Step A: Let DC = event that a randomly selected driver is using a cell phone. What is P(DC)? (1 point) Step B: Let TA = event that a randomly selected driver has a traffic accident. What is P(TA)? Hint: What is the probability on any given day? (1 point) Step C: How can you determine if cell phone use while driving and traffic accidents are related? (1 point) Step D: Given that the driver has an accident, what is the probability that the driver was distracted by a cell phone? Write this event with the correct conditional notation. (1 point) Step E: What is the probability that a randomly selected driver will be distracted by using a cell phone and have an accident? (2 points) Step F: For a randomly selected driver, are the events "driving while using a cell phone" and "having a traffic accident" independent events? Explain your answer. (2 points)

Answer 1

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Hello!

Regarding the reasons that traffic accidents occur:

28% are caused by distracted drivers using cell phones or texting

11% of the drivers' user their phones at any time

The probability of a driver having an accident is 5.26%

a)

DC = event that a randomly selected driver is using a cell phone.

P(DC)= 0.11

b)

TA = event that a randomly selected driver has a traffic accident.

P(TA)= 0.0526

c) and f)

If both events are related, i.e. dependent, then you would expect that the occurrence of one of these events will affect the probability of the other one. If they are not related, i.e. independent events, then their probabilities will not be affected by the occurrence of one or another:

If both events are independent P(TA|DC)= P(TA)

If they are dependent, then:

P(TA|DC)≠ P(TA)

P(TA|DC)= 0.28

P(TA)= 0.0526

As you can see the probability of the driver having an accident given that he was using the cell phone is different from the probability of the driver having an accident. This means that both events are related.

d) and e)

You have to calculate the probability that "the driver was distracted with the phone given that he had an accident", symbolically P(DC|TA)

P(DC|TA) = $\frac{P(DCnTA)}{P(TA)}$

$P(TA|DC)= \frac{P(TAnDC}{P(DC)}$ ⇒ P(DC∩TA)= P(TA|DC)*P(DC)= 0.28 *  0.11= 0.0308

P(DC|TA) = $\frac{0.0308}{0.0526}= 0.585= 0.59$

I hope this helps!