Answer:
The environment challenges him by making him dehydrated and both mentally and physically hurt. “Uncle cautioned him to make the water in his gourd last as long as possible. It was the hardest thing Salva had ever done, taking only tiny sips when his body cried out for huge gulps of thirst-quenching, life-giving water.
4. the present, present participle, past, and past participle forms of verbs
5. Juanita is marching in the parade.
6. past participle
7. The children winced in happiness over the new puppy.
8. They want to do a thorough job.
9. throbbing