Gutenburg's printing press made books cheaper and available to a larger variety of people. Before the printing press, books were very hard to make and they took a long time to produce.
You cannot. These states are high in population which has a major impact on the presidential votes. If one does not win over said states, they will mostly lose the election.
Answer:
New ways of governing were needed.
The people migrated to other lands.
The amount of trade dropped dramatically.
New schools were created to train scholars.
Overruled the French monarchy