Trisomy 21, as illustrated by the karyotype, is caused by nondisjunction. This occurs when chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis.
Answer is D) nondisjunction
A mutation in a plant that could cause negative outcomes could be the plant has less leaves, or isn't hardy enough, like other plants. It would die. A plant from an area like Chernobyl, that has been affected by radiation could poison other animals, or pass that gene along, and ultimately kill that strand of plant.
It is for the cells to make protein.
