Viceroyalties were instiutions created by the Spanish monarchy to incorporate the colonized lands in America in the administration engines of the Empire. A viceroyalty was ruled by viceroy, a direct subordinates of the King, and was considered a province within the Empire and not a colony anymore.
The two viceroyalties existing in America prior to 1717 were:
- Viceroyalty of New Spain. It contained the current territory of Mexico, together with Southwestern states from the current US. It was the first one created by the Spanish in America in 1535.
- Viceroyalty of Peru, created in 1542, which contained almost the whole territory ruled by the Spanish in South America.
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Habeas corpus, known as the right to due process, said that free men could only be imprisoned and punished after lawful judgment by a jury of their peers.
Justice could not be sold, denied, or delayed.
Civil lawsuits did not have to be held in the king's court.
<span>The Independent Democrats and many northern Whigs abandoned their affiliations for the new antislavery Republican party, leaving southern Whigs without party links and creating an issue over which the already deeply divided Democrats would split even more.</span>
