Answer:
Transaction Assets Liabilities Stockholders' Equity
Issue common stock Increase NE Increase
Issue preferred stock Increase NE Increase Purchase treasury stock Decrease NE Decrease
Sale of treasury stock Increase NE Increase Declare cash dividend NE Increase NE
Pay cash dividend Decrease Decrease NE
100% stock dividend NE NE NE
2-for-1 stock split NE NE NE
When shares are sold or issued, they increase the stockholders equity as people buy these shares. They also increase assets because cash comes into the company when the shares are sold. This is why the Issuing of preference and common stock as well as the sale of Treasury shares had the same effects.
When cash dividends are declared, they become a liability that is owed to equity holders.
When these dividends are then paid, they remove the liability but reduce assets as cash is used to pay the dividends.
100% stock dividend reduces retained earnings but increases equity so stockholders equity does not change.
<span>Producers of wood pulp often forward integrate into the production of paper in order to exploit technical economies. By also owning paper making plants they can avoid costs of removing waste, and better use it in order to make even more profits.</span>
Answer:
Option A is correct
Firms have different costs.
Explanation:
Option A is correct
Long run supply curve is upward sloping or constant horizontal line depends on the industry whether it is variable cost industry (increasing production cost) or a constant cost industry respectively. Option A is correct because if firms have different production cost and it is increasing as the output is increasing then it is upward Sloping long-run supply curve.
A manager utilizing management by objective to motive her employees would focus on firstly to determine or revised company's objectives or goals. She should set goals which is accepted by employees. Healthy competitions can also motivate employees to achieve objectives in the specific time limit.
She can give awards to employees who achieve goals to motivate employees. Management by objective is a strategic management approach which involves planning, defining, revising, setting, evaluating and tracking of company's objective through motivating employees by setting their individuals's goals to achieve larger goals.
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Depending on the supply and demand of equity, a bond’s price can vary, thus the premium or discount price.
For example, when the interest rate falls, older bonds may become valuable because they were sold in a higher interest rate environment and therefore with a higher coupon rate. Consequently, investors holding those bonds can commend a "premium" to sell equity. On the other hand, if the interest rate rises, older bonds may become less valuable. In order to get rid of them, investors may have to sell for less, thus the "discount” price.
Bond prices are quoted as a percent of the bond’s face value, and an easy way to learn the price of a bond is simply by adding a zero to the price quoted. For instance, when you hear a bond is quoted at 99, it means the price for the bond is $990 for every $1,000 of face value. Because the bond price is below the face value, it’s said the bond is traded at a discount. On the other hand, if the bond is trading at 101, it means you will pay $1,010 to get that $1,000 face value bond.
The dividend discount model (DDM) is a procedure for valuing the price of a stock by using the predicted dividends and discounting them back to the present value. If the value obtained from the DDM is higher than what the shares are currently trading at, then the stock is undervalued.
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