The modern development of today's world would have first made the routes safer. Today we have the safety of common things such as police officers, hospitals, e.t.c. Transportation of goods would have been easier, and it would have been easier to carry larger amounts of goods at one time.
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Shi Huangdi had the Great Wall of China built to protect the Chinese states and borders against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe. This included the Mongols to the north, which had been very powerful during the rule of Genghis Khan. The other purposes of the Great Wall were border controls, allowing duties on goods during the period of the Silk Road, regulation and encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration.