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Some of the pull factor codes were things like the Homestead acts which were a series of acts on land allocation. For example, if you went westwards, the country would give you a huge piece of land which would become fully yours after five years of successful agricultural business.
Northerners claimed the law was unfair. The flagrant violation of the Fugitive Slave Law set the scene for the tempest that emerged later in the decade. But for now, Americans hoped against hope that the fragile peace would prevail.
Hoover's response to the Great Depression was the Smoot-Hawley tariff which rose tariffs on over 20,000 products. This measure led to retaliation from foreign countries especially from Europe and they rose their own tariffs on their American imports, the American economy was hit back and it explains why Hoover's policy failed.
Hoover was nicknamed "Do nothing" by the Democrats, they blamed him for sticking to Laissez faire economics, but this accusation was wrong as he pushed for more state intervention which eventually failed.
