Jefferson and Madison would create the Democratic-Republican political party to be a voice for the common man against the elite Federalist party. The two men fought laws and policies enacted by Washington and Adams when they believed they violated the Constitution and the rights established by the Bill of Rights.
One example of this was Jefferson's writing of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in regard to the Whiskey Tax. Though written anonymously, he suggest the states (the people) were allowed to nullify, or ignore, federal laws that the people did not agree with. He suggest it was in the rights of the people to refuse to pay the whiskey tax.
Jefferson and Madison were both outspoken about their disagreement with the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts by John Adams. Jefferson would overturn the acts after becoming the third president of the US. Madison also stood against John Adams in regard to the "midnight-appointments" which was an expansion of the federal court system. Madison refused to issue the confirmations of the judges causing one to take Madison to court in the famous case, Marbury v. Madison.
He was an italian explorer, navigator, colonizer and citizen of the Republic of Genoa
The term Phillip Converse coined about how many people, when asked the same question at different times, will often change their answer, often randomly, is known as "Non-Attitudes."
Phillip Converse was known for being a Political Science Professor at the University of Michigan.
In one of his research which he documented in a book titled "The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Public."
He concluded that normal people who are not political elites don't ideologically take policies but rather flow with the prevailing issues.
Therefore he described these people as "non-attitude" because they don't have the attitude of a typical politician.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that Phillip Converse defined "non-attitudes" as many people, when asked the same question at different times, will often change their answer, often randomly.
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While the work was dangerous and difficult, many Americans were willing to leave behind the declining prospects of preindustrial agriculture in the hope of better wages in industrial labor. Furthermore, problems ranging from famine to religious persecution led a new wave of immigrants to arrive from central, eastern, and southern Europe, many of whom settled and found work near the cities where they first arrived. Immigrants sought solace and comfort among others who shared the same language and customs, and the nation’s cities became an invaluable economic and cultural resource.
source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-ushistory2os2xmaster/chapter/urbanization-and-its-challenges/
