Unicellular organisms include bacteria, protists, and yeast. For example, a paramecium is a slipper-shaped, unicellular organism found in pond water. It takes in food from the water and digests it in organelles known as food vacuoles. Nutrients from the food travel through the cytoplasm to the surrounding organelles, helping to keep the cell, and thus the organism, functioning. Multicellular organisms are composed of more than one cell, with groups of cells differentiating to take on specialized functions. In humans, cells differentiate early in development to become nerve cells, skin cells, muscle cells, blood cells, and other types of cells. One can easily observe the differences in these cells under a microscope. Their structure is related to their function, meaning each type of cell takes on a particular form in order to best serve its purpose. Nerve cells have appendages called dendrites and axons that connect with other nerve cells to move muscles, send signals to glands, or register sensory stimuli. Outer skin cells form flattened stacks that protect the body from the environment. Muscle cells are slender fibers that bundle together for muscle contraction. The cells of <u>multicellular</u> organisms may also look different according to the organelles needed inside of the cell. For example, muscle cells have more mitochondria than most other cells so that they can readily produce energy for movement; cells of the pancreas need to produce many proteins and have more <u>ribosomes</u> and rough <u>endoplasmic</u> <u>reticula</u> to meet this demand. Although all cells have organelles in common, the number and types of organelles present reveal how the cell functions.
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<span>One characteristic of most of the tropical open oceans that is directly responsible for the low chlorophyll levels in these waters is </span>Low nutrient concentrations.
4.) We are told that ball A is travelling from right to left, which we will refer to as a positive direction, making the initial velocity of ball A, +3 m/s. If ball B is travelling in the opposite direction to A, it will be travelling at -3 m/s. The final velocity of A is +2 m/s. Using the elastic collision equation, which uses the conservation of linear momentum, we can solve for the final velocity of B.
MaVai + MbVbi = MaVaf + MbVbf
Ma = 10 kg and Mb = 5 kg are the masses of balls A and B.
Vai = +3 m/s and Vbi = -3 m/s are the initial velocities.
Vaf = +2 m/s and Vbf = ? are the final velocities.
(10)(3) + (5)(-3) = (10)(2) + 5Vbf
30 - 15 = 20 + 5Vbf
15 = 20 + 5Vbf
-5 = 5 Vbf
Vbf = -1 m/s
The final velocity of ball B is -1 m/s.
5.) We are now told that Ma = Mb, but Vai = 2Vbi
We can use another formula to look at this mathematically.
Vaf = [(Ma - Mb)/(Ma + Mb)]Vai + [(2Mb/(Ma + Mb)]Vbi
Since Ma = Mb we can simplify this formula.
Vaf = [(0)/2Ma]Vai + [2Ma/2Ma]Vbi
Vaf = Vbi
Vbf = [(2Ma/(Ma + Mb)]Vai + [(Ma - Mb)/(Ma + Mb)]Vbi
Vbf = [2Mb/2Mb]Vai + [(0)/2Mb]Vbi
Vbf = Vai
Vaf = Vbi
Vbf = 2Vbi
If the initial velocity of A is twice the initial velocity of B, then the final velocity of A will be equal to the initial velocity of B.
If the initial velocity of A is twice the initial velocity of B, then the final velocity of B will be twice the initial velocity of B.
