Answer:
Cancer is formed when there are mutations in a number of genes.
Explanation:
Malignant tumors are gene diseases which do not mean that cancer is necessarily an inherited disease (only in 5-10% of cases the cancer is inherited) because the vast majority of other tumors are the result of somatic, ie secondary, mutations that lead to malignant transformation.
Only 2% of human diseases are monogenic (caused by a change in one gene). The remaining 98% of the disease is either polygenic (caused by a change in several genes at the same time) or epigenetic (caused by non-genetic or post-genetic disorders of cellular molecules).
When a cell undergoing cellular division identifies that a chromosome misalignment had taken place the cell cycle stops until the error it's corrected.
Option two of the question states that the cell cycle will <u>proceed uncontrollably, this is not the case for the error at hand</u>. Although this can be a problem for cells and leads to the appearance of cancer, it is not caused by chromosome misalignment. As is the case with options 3 and 4.
The stop or delay in the <u>cell cycle is what normally takes place in these situations.</u> This stoppage is done by the <em><u>spindle checkpoint</u></em>, which prevents <u>duplicate chromosomes from separating.</u>
During this time, the error it's corrected. If a cell is not able to correct the error at this time, many situations can follow. <u>However, the most likely is that the cell will undergo a <em>programmed cellular death.</em> </u>
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By process of elimination you can find the right answer. We know for a fact that carbon is found in all living organisms. That is why we talk about carbon based life forms. So the first statement cannot be true. You can figure out how many Valence electrons an element has by looking at the group number. The group number of carbon is 4 so the 2nd statement cannot be true. We know that carbon does bond with other elements because it is not a noble gas and therefore must be able to form compounds.
This means the answer must be they can form up to four covalent bonds